Theoretical limits refer to the maximum achievable performance or capabilities of a system, process, or technology based on fundamental principles and constraints. Researchers in this area aim to understand the theoretical boundaries of what is possible, often using mathematical models, physics principles, or other theoretical frameworks to analyze and predict the limits of performance. By studying these theoretical limits, researchers can gain insights into the potential of various technologies and systems, as well as develop strategies for pushing the boundaries of what is currently achievable. This research area is fundamental for guiding the design and optimization of systems and technologies in fields such as engineering, computer science, physics, and economics.